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This book presents basic and extensive information on the physiological and pathological significance of the protein-modifying enzymes, transglutaminases, which are involved in multiple biological events by catalyzing a unique and important posttranslational modification reaction, cross-linking of proteins, and interacting with a large number of proteins inside and outside of cells. Although several of their essential physiological roles have been revealed, many unknown and so far not fully understood functions have remained. In humans, there are eight active isozymes having distinct tissue and subcellular distribution patterns with different substrates and physiological roles. Accordingly, aberrant regulation of the enzyme reactions or expression may lead to or has been implicated in various pathologies including neurodegeneration, fibrosis, cancer, inflammation, celiac disease, and hemostasis disorders.To provide those who are new to the field with basic knowledge and recent information on transglutaminase structures and reactions, the mechanism by which transglutaminases modify substrate proteins and their contributions to multiple biological phenomena as well as disease phenotypes, the publication of the present transglutaminase book was planned, to consist of review articles by 17 expert investigators working in this exciting area of research. The book contains detailed information related to several transglutaminases from aspects in chemical and cellular biology, medical sciences, and biotechnology that will also supply starting points for drug discovery. Although many prominent findings have been published in recent years, this type of comprehensive review book has been missing in the scientific literature. This volume will be useful for investigators who either currently work on or will start addressing transglutaminase-related research, and beyond that, for a broad audience in the scientific community. .

Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Transglutaminases. --- Blood coagulation factor XIIIa --- Glutaminyl-peptide glutamyltransferase --- Medicine. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Biochemistry. --- Enzymology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Blood coagulation factor XIII --- Transferases --- Enzymes. --- Biocatalysts --- Ferments --- Soluble ferments --- Catalysts --- Proteins --- Enzymology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology --- Composition --- Biochemistry --- Enzymes

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Nowadays, polymer self-assembly has become extremely attractive for both biological (drug delivery, tissue engineering, scaffolds) and non-biological (packaging, semiconductors) applications. In nature, a number of key biological processes are driven by polymer self-assembly, for instance protein folding. Impressive morphologies can be assembled from polymers thanks to a diverse range of interactions involved, e.g., electrostatics, hydrophobic, hots-guest interactions, etc. Both 2D and 3D tailor-made assemblies can be designed through modern powerful techniques and approaches such as the layer-by-layer and the Langmuir-Blodgett deposition, hard and soft templating. This Special Issue highlights contributions (research papers, short communications, review articles) that focus on recent developments in polymer self-assembly for both fundamental understanding the assembly phenomenon and real applications.

evaporative self-assembly --- encapsulation --- n/a --- microstructure --- solvent vapor annealing --- drug delivery --- polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane --- protein adsorption resistance --- photo-sensitive --- calcium carbonate --- fluorescence --- mucin --- polymerisation --- marine exopolysaccharide --- transglutaminases --- porous hydrogel --- adsorption --- aprotinin --- nanoparticle --- calcium alginate --- protamine --- nanocrystalline --- self-assembly --- morphological transformation --- cell culture --- block polymers --- stimuli-responsive polymer --- crosslinking --- mesoporous --- Ti6Al4V --- polymer --- flexible geometric confinement --- layer-by-layer --- surface modification --- co-synthesis --- nanolithography --- CaCO3 --- synthetic polypeptide --- air-liquid interface --- food industry --- stimuli-responsive polymers --- field-effect transistor --- Marangoni convection --- polymer scaffold --- collagen --- biomedicine --- thin films --- controlled release --- tension gradient --- monolayer